{"id":4288,"date":"2020-04-21T18:34:03","date_gmt":"2020-04-21T13:04:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/worlddevelopmentindia.com\/?page_id=4288"},"modified":"2026-05-15T18:30:41","modified_gmt":"2026-05-15T13:00:41","slug":"course-sc001-cattle-rearing","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/wdfuniverse.org\/wordpress\/course-sc001-cattle-rearing\/","title":{"rendered":"Course:SC01 Cattle Rearing"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><!--vcv no format--><\/p>\n<div class=\"vce-row-container\">\n<div id=\"el-37087347\" class=\"vce-row vce-row--col-gap-30 vce-row-columns--top vce-row-content--top\" data-vce-do-apply=\"all el-37087347\">\n<div class=\"vce-row-content\" data-vce-element-content=\"true\">\n<div id=\"el-b6555163\" class=\"vce-col vce-col--md-auto vce-col--xs-1 vce-col--xs-last vce-col--xs-first vce-col--sm-last vce-col--sm-first vce-col--md-last vce-col--lg-last vce-col--xl-last vce-col--md-first vce-col--lg-first vce-col--xl-first\">\n<div class=\"vce-col-inner\" data-vce-do-apply=\"border margin background el-b6555163\">\n<div class=\"vce-col-content\" data-vce-element-content=\"true\" data-vce-do-apply=\"padding el-b6555163\">\n<div class=\"vce-text-block\">\n<div id=\"el-be5f6382\" class=\"vce-text-block-wrapper vce\" data-vce-do-apply=\"all el-be5f6382\">\n<p><strong style=\"color: red;\">From the following select box, choose language of your preference:<\/strong><\/p>\n<div id=\"google_translate_element\"><\/div>\n<p><script type=\"text\/javascript\"><br \/>\n   function googleTranslateElementInit() {<br \/>\n  new google.translate.TranslateElement({pageLanguage: 'en'}, 'google_translate_element');<br \/>\n  }<br \/>\n<\/script> <script type=\"text\/javascript\" src=\"\/\/translate.google.com\/translate_a\/element.js?cb=googleTranslateElementInit\"><\/script><\/p>\n<h1 style=\"text-align: center;\">Cattle Rearing<\/h1>\n<div class=\"su-row\"> <div class=\"su-column su-column-size-1-4\"><div class=\"su-column-inner su-u-clearfix su-u-trim\">\n<h2><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">Learning objectives<\/span><\/h2>\n<h4><span style=\"color: #ff00ff;\">After completing the course<\/span><\/h4>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">For many years, dairy farmers have played an important role in economic growth due to milk production. Dairy farming refers to raising animals commercially for milk production. Animals that give milk are called milk \/ dairy animals. For example, goat, buffalo, cow, etc.There is a huge demand for milk and milk products worldwide. We have two courses, the present covering cow., and a separate course for goat\/sheep rearing<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The present course shall cover the scientific methods of rearing cattle, mainly cows and economic aspects of the business of cow rearing.<\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">Course<\/span><\/h2>\n<h4><span style=\"color: #ff00ff;\">Cattle raising for profit<\/span><\/h4>\n<ol>\n<li>Practical &amp; economic aspects milk production<\/li>\n<li><strong>How to get profit from dairy farming?<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>\u00a0Cattle raising<\/li>\n<li>Cattle health and protection from Diseases \/vaccination<\/li>\n<li>Clean and healthy milk production \/chilling<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div><\/div> <div class=\"su-column su-column-size-1-2\"><div class=\"su-column-inner su-u-clearfix su-u-trim\">\n<h2><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">Curriculum<\/span><\/h2>\n<h4><span style=\"color: #ff00ff;\">Background<\/span><\/h4>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><b>Cattle<\/b> <b>rearing<\/b> involves management of two types of animals- one group for food requirements like milk and another for labor purposes like plowing, irrigation, etc. Animals which provide milk are called milk\/dairy animals. For example, goats, buffalo, <b>cows<\/b>, etc.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Cattle rearing is an important economic activity in India. Milk and milk products (Butter, Ghee etc) meat, eggs, leather, and silk are raw materials for industries. Animals provide a large proportion of energy required in the farm sector. The bullocks, buffaloes, horses, ponnies, camel etc. are used as draught animals. They are used in agricultural activities like ploughing of fields, drawing of water from wells and for carrying loads. It is to be noted here that with rise in mechanized farming, the use of animal power for farm operations is on gradual decline. Hides and skins of animals are used as raw material for leather industries. Sheep, goats and camels provide wool. Their dung are used for biomass gas production and for making manure.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div> <div class=\"su-column su-column-size-1-4\"><div class=\"su-column-inner su-u-clearfix su-u-trim\">Course Coordinator<\/p>\n<p>Aprajita Srivastava<\/p>\n<p><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"593\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/wdfuniverse.org\/wordpress\/quail-rearing-for-quick-profit\/aprajita\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/wdfuniverse.org\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/aprajita.jpg?fit=1800%2C1200&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"1800,1200\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;5.6&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;NIKON D7100&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;1575026011&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;100&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;400&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0.008&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"aprajita\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"&lt;p&gt;Aprajita&amp;#8217;s blog&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/wdfuniverse.org\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/aprajita.jpg?fit=640%2C427&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-593\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/wdfuniversity.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/aprajita-300x200.jpg?resize=300%2C200&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/wdfuniverse.org\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/aprajita.jpg?resize=300%2C200&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/wdfuniverse.org\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/aprajita.jpg?resize=1024%2C683&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/wdfuniverse.org\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/aprajita.jpg?resize=768%2C512&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/wdfuniverse.org\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/aprajita.jpg?resize=1536%2C1024&amp;ssl=1 1536w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/wdfuniverse.org\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/aprajita.jpg?resize=600%2C400&amp;ssl=1 600w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/wdfuniverse.org\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/aprajita.jpg?w=1800&amp;ssl=1 1800w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/wdfuniverse.org\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/aprajita.jpg?w=1280&amp;ssl=1 1280w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">Course Material<\/span><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">Text Lessons-4<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">Video English lessons-4<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">Video Hindi lessons-7<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">Audio Hindi Lessons-8<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">Video Conferencing within the course<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">Quizzes<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div> <\/div> <div class=\"su-row\"> <div class=\"su-column su-column-size-1-2\"><div class=\"su-column-inner su-u-clearfix su-u-trim\">\n<div style=\"height: 800px; line-height: 2em; overflow: scroll; padding: 5px; background-color: #aed6f1; color: #1c2833; border: 4px double #DEBB07;\">\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\">Lesson-1<\/h2>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Practical and economic aspects of milk production \u0926\u0942\u0927 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0939\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0914\u0930 \u0906\u0930\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u0939\u0932\u0942<br \/>\n\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0628<br \/>\nAspects pratiques et \u00e9conomiques de la production laiti\u00e8re<br \/>\n<\/strong><\/h2>\n<h4><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">Video lesson in English<\/span><\/h4>\n<p><iframe src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/oFk9QKcdfkM\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<h4><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">Video lesson in Hindi<\/span><\/h4>\n<p><iframe src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/UrwKIER_R64\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<h4><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">Text lesson in English<\/span> (<span style=\"color: #993366;\">You can convert into any language by using language selection at top<\/span>)<\/h4>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Dairy farmers\u2019 production systems worldwide need to combine profitability with the responsibility of protecting human health, animal health, animal welfare and the environment. Dairy farmers, as the primary producers in the supply chain, should add value to their product by adopting methods of production that satisfy the demands of processors and customers. milk production<br \/>\nGlobally, 750 million people, are engaged in milk production Dairy accounts for more than 20% of the total agricultural value; namely in the following countries:<br \/>\n\u2022 New Zealand (35%)<br \/>\n\u2022 Finland (26%)<br \/>\n\u2022 India (24%)<br \/>\n\u2022 Luxembourg (23%)<br \/>\n\u2022 Estonia (23%)<br \/>\n\u2022 Switzerland (21%)<br \/>\n\u2022 Latvia (20%)<br \/>\nMilk is produced daily and provides a regular cash income to the owners.In addition to income from milk sales, sources of income include sales of animals and young stock, and other dairy farming returns, such as sales of manure. Dairy production provides many non-marketed economic benefits, including manure for use on-farm as fuel or organic fertilizer. Dairy production has lower economies of scale than other livestock systems because it requires high labour input.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">In developing countries, dairy animals are often the sole asset of the landless. Milk production can involve many fixed costs, including fodder for animal maintenance. There is a need to adopt modern methods to gainfully employ this profession. This is more important in view of reports of FAO, &#8220;A dairy farm with nine cows in India has similar labour costs (per litre of milk) to those of a farm with 350 cows in the United States of America.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Dairy development is a sustainable, equitable and powerful tool for achieving economic growth, food security and poverty reduction because dairying:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">provides a regular source of income;<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">provides nutritious food;<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">generates on- and off-farm employment;\/li&gt;<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">creates opportunities for women (e.g., milk money);<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2><strong>\uf0d8 How to get profit from dairy farming?<\/strong><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">Dairy farm is beneficial when-<br \/>\no You are able to control your costs.<br \/>\no You can provide the quality milk.<br \/>\no You can care the cattle.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">In any dairy farm, fodder is a major expense<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">Fodder management can help reduce costs.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">Keeping the cows energetic and healthy is very important for the growing dairy business.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">Morning physical activity of cows is very important to keep them healthy.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">Building a proper shelter also plays an important role in growing dairy.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">It is also important to develop a detailed business plan.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">Follow appropriate methods for marketing.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">Try to hire dedicated and experienced people.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">Try to buy bulk feeds at the best price but never compromise on quality.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><strong>\uf0d8 How to solve the fodder shortage?<\/strong><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Regular supply of fodder is essential for the development of dairy and livestock.<\/li>\n<li>A major problem of dairy production is lack of fodder.<\/li>\n<li>These issues come with increasing demand for dairy products.<\/li>\n<li>Cattle are normally given green fodder, dry fodder and concentrated fodder.<\/li>\n<li>Concentrated feeds contain a mixture of grains, minerals and vitamins.<\/li>\n<li>The source of green fodder is from agricultural land, forest etc.<\/li>\n<li>Silage is the best feed during lack of fodder.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Good dairy farming practice is that safe, quality milk should be produced from healthy animals using management practices that are sustainable from an animal welfare, social, economic and environmental perspective. It involves:<br \/>\n1. ANIMAL HEALTH<br \/>\nAnimals that produce milk need to be healthy and an effective health care programme should be in place.<\/p>\n<p>2. MILKING HYGIENE<br \/>\nMilk should be harvested and stored under hygienic conditions. Equipment used to harvest and store milk should be suitable and well maintained.<br \/>\n3. NUTRITION (FEED AND WATER)<br \/>\nAnimals need to be fed and watered with products of suitable quality and safety.<br \/>\n4. ANIMAL WELFARE<br \/>\nAnimals should be kept according to the following \u2018five freedoms\u2019:<br \/>\n\u2022 Freedom from thirst, hunger and malnutrition<br \/>\n\u2022 Freedom from discomfort<br \/>\n\u2022 Freedom from pain, injury and disease<br \/>\n\u2022 Freedom from fear<br \/>\n\u2022 Freedom to engage in relatively normal patterns of animal behavior<br \/>\n5. ENVIRONMENT<br \/>\nMilk production should be managed in balance with the local environment surrounding the farm.<br \/>\n6. SOCIO-ECONOMIC MANAGEMENT<br \/>\nDairy farming provides economic and social benefits to farmers and their wider communities.<br \/>\nNow I will talk of the economic aspects of dairy.<br \/>\nMilk is produced daily and therefore provides a regular cash income. The farmgate milk price can be based on the milk\u2019s compositional quality, its hygienic quality, and the time of year. However, the price paid by small-scale processors in developing countries is often based on only the fat content of the milk. In addition to income from milk sales, dairy producers\u2019 sources of income include sales of culled animals and young stock, and other dairy farming returns, such as sales of manure and direct payments.<\/p>\n<p>Dairy production provides many non-marketed economic benefits, including manure for use on-farm as fuel or organic fertilizer. Dairy animals are considered a means of safeguarding savings for sale in times of need and a form of capital investment.<br \/>\nThe cost of feed greatly influences the price of milk. It directly affects milk production costs and indirectly leads to higher land values.<br \/>\nIn developing countries, dairy animals are often the sole asset of the landless.<br \/>\nMilk production can involve many fixed costs, including fodder for animal maintenance. However overall the dairy is a profitable business. To share an example,<br \/>\nRatan Lal Yadav, a resident of Loharwara village of Jaipur district in Rajasthan has an amazing experience to share. While talking with the reporter of News18, he told that a few years ago he started the dairy business with only 5 cows. Now it has extended to 80 animals including 35 milkers. 416 liters of milk are obtained daily from these 35 cattle while the average price of one liter is Rs 60. In this way, his total income per day is INR 24,960 while the total expenditure per day comes to INR 14,900. Hence, he gets a net profit of INR 3, 01,800 per month which is a huge profit.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\"><\/h2>\n<div style=\"height: 800px; line-height: 2em; overflow: scroll; padding: 5px; background-color: #aed6f1; color: #1c2833; border: 4px double #DEBB07;\">\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\">Lesson-2<\/h2>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Cow Rearing \u0917\u093e\u092f \u092a\u093e\u0932\u0928<br \/>\n\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0642\u0631<br \/>\n\u00c9levage de vaches<\/strong><\/h2>\n<h4><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">Video lesson in English<\/span><\/h4>\n<p><iframe src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/i55BpgtxQ1w\" width=\"644\" height=\"362\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\" data-mce-fragment=\"1\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<h4><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">Video lesson in Hindi<\/span><\/h4>\n<h4>Video-1<\/h4>\n<p><iframe src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/32zzRt78Tcg\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\" data-mce-fragment=\"1\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<h4>Video-2<\/h4>\n<p><iframe src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/S96EyiSWJcE\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\" data-mce-fragment=\"1\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<h4 style=\"color: red; padding-top: 20px;\">Pregnancy in cow<\/h4>\n<p><iframe src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/RstDqK1Ax4g\" width=\"700\" height=\"365\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\" data-mce-fragment=\"1\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<h4><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">Text lesson in English<\/span> (<span style=\"color: #993366;\">You can convert into any language by using language selection at top<\/span>)<\/h4>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Cow is a very useful domestic animal.<br \/>\nDairy cows are reared exclusively to produce milk.<\/p>\n<h4><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">In this session, we will learn-<br \/>\n1) Selection of breed of cow<br \/>\n2) How to feed cows for more milk?<br \/>\n3) Caring of cows\/ calves<\/span><br \/>\n4) Care and management of pregnant cows<br \/>\n5) Housing<\/h4>\n<h2><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">Selection of cow breed<\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u2022 Proper selection is the first and most important step that is adopted in dairy.<br \/>\n\u2022 Animals should be selected according to the climate.<br \/>\n\u2022 The animal should be selected based on its breed characters.<br \/>\n\u2022 Production of animals also varies within a breed.<br \/>\n\u2022 Other factors affecting milk production are the age of the animal, frequency of milking, management, type of nutrition, environment, stage of pregnancy, etc.<br \/>\n\u2022 Milk production capacity.<br \/>\n\u2022 Disease resistance<br \/>\n\u2022 Physical Appearance.<br \/>\n\u2022 Adaptability and heat tolerance.<br \/>\n\u2022 Temperament and dairy disposition.<br \/>\n\u2022 Service period.<\/p>\n<h4><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">Breed of cows in India-<br \/>\nIndigenous, high milk-yielding breeds in India include Red Sindhi, Sahiwal and Gir. Exotic or foreign breeds of cows include Jersey, Holstein Friesian and Brown Swiss.<\/span><\/h4>\n<p>Indian breeds of cows with high milk yielding capacity and lengthier lactation period are crossed with bullocks of exotic breeds to upgrade the quality of Indian breeds. High milk-yieldingcows developed through cross-breeding are Karan-Swiss and Frieswal.<\/p>\n<p>Buffaloes in India- Buffaloes are the milch animals which provide us with large amount of milk. Buffalo milk is the largest source of milk in India. Murrah, a high-yielding breed of buffalo from Punjab and Haryana, yields 26-30 litres of milk per day. Mehsana from Gujarat yields up to 15-20 litres of milk every day. Other high milk-yielding varieties include Jaffarabadi, Nili, Nagpuri and Surti.<\/p>\n<h4><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">How to feed cows for more milk?<\/span><\/h4>\n<p>\u2022 Proper food and nutrition is important for the well-being of<br \/>\nmilch animals.<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 The food given to the animals is called as feed. Feed contains all the components essential for their growth and development. Animal feed comprises roughage and concentrates. The food of the cow determines the quality and quantity of milk produced.<br \/>\n\u2022 It is important that a farmer meets the nutritional requirements of a dairy cow by providing adequate rations.<br \/>\n\u2022 For a healthy and productive cow, feed ration must have a balance of quantity, quality, protein, minerals and vitamins.<br \/>\n\u2022 Roughage refers to coarse, fibrous substances with low-nutrient content in the animal feed. Animals get roughage from substances such as straw, green fodder, silage and legumes. Fodder is a heavy fodder that is full of energy and protein.<br \/>\n\u2022 Concentrates in the feed are nutrient-rich substances with low fibrous content. They are rich in carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins and minerals. Grains and seeds, oil cakes, wheat bran, rice bran, alfalfa and clover provide all the required nutrients. Dairy animals also require feed additives comprising non-nutritive material such as antibiotics for<br \/>\ndisease-resistance and hormones for growth.These materials are added to the livestock feed to enhance the animals&#8217; growth and milk yield and protect them from diseases. These are important for high milk production in dairy cows.<br \/>\n\u2022 A dairy cow should consume 15 to 20 kg of fodder daily.<\/p>\n<h4><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">Caring of cows \/ calves<\/span><\/h4>\n<p>\u2022 It is important to pay attention to the health and hygiene status of the cows and calves.<br \/>\n\u2022 Keep them clean and dry.<br \/>\n\u2022 Cows need many dietary components to stay healthy.<br \/>\n\u2022 High yielding dairy cows require high amounts of protein such as mixed weed feed, alfalfa, and other protein supplements.<br \/>\n\u2022 They also require salt and minerals.<br \/>\n\u2022 Feed them well in the morning with all nutritious foods.<br \/>\n\u2022 Sitting in the shelter all day weakens their bones.<br \/>\n\u2022 They should be left in the open ground twice a day as it keeps them active.<br \/>\n\u2022 Maintaining cows in good and medium weight is very important to ensure their health.<br \/>\n\u2022 Place jute bags over the cow shed in winter.<br \/>\n\u2022 Provide fresh and clean water to your animals during all seasons.<br \/>\n\u2022 Consult the vet for advice.<br \/>\n\u2022 It is recommended to assess cows once every two months.<br \/>\n\u2022 Good foods ensure good health and maximum production.<br \/>\n\u2022 Always try to provide adequate quantity of high quality and nutritious foods to your cows.<br \/>\n\u2022 Greens help to maximize milk production.<br \/>\n\u2022 Add as much greens as possible to regular feed.<br \/>\n\u2022 Make a grazing place for your cows.<br \/>\n\u2022 Dairy cows require more water than any other animal.<br \/>\n\u2022 Their milk contains large amounts of water.<br \/>\n\u2022 Generally, a dairy cow needs about 5 liters of water to produce 1 liter of milk.<\/p>\n<h4><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">Care and management of pregnant cows<\/span><\/h4>\n<p>\u2022 Taking good care and proper management is the main step to succeed in any animal husbandry business.<br \/>\n\u2022 Immunize them on time.<br \/>\n\u2022 Management of good care of pregnant animal will yield good calves and high milk yield.<br \/>\n\u2022 Immunize cows against diseases.<br \/>\n\u2022 There should be a separate shelter room for pregnant cows.<br \/>\n\u2022 Feed good quality of leguminous feed.<br \/>\n\u2022 Suitable fodder &#8211; wheat bran, oats, and linseed oil seeds.<br \/>\n\u2022 Provide calcium supplements.<br \/>\n\u2022 Special care should be taken about mineral and vitamin deficiencies as they can cause serious adverse effects on the newly born calf.<br \/>\n\u2022 The animal should neither be lean nor fat.<br \/>\n\u2022 Water should be provided for drinking at frequent intervals.<br \/>\n\u2022 Do not allow them to fight with other animals.<br \/>\n\u2022 Avoid a slippery condition, which causes fractures, dislocations, etc.<\/p>\n<h4><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">Housing<br \/>\n<\/span><\/h4>\n<p>\u2022 To keep their cows healthy, productive and free from diseases, good habitat is very important.<br \/>\n\u2022 Build proper ventilation systems, and ensure adequate flow of fresh air and light inside the house.<br \/>\n\u2022 Concrete house is very suitable for cows.<br \/>\n\u2022 Proper drainage of rainwater should be arranged to maintain a healthy environment.<br \/>\n\u2022 A lot of water is required for farm operations such as washing, fodder farming, processing of milk etc.<br \/>\n\u2022 A continuous water supply is essential.<br \/>\n\u2022 Electricity must be available on shed.<br \/>\n\u2022 Farm should be away from the noise producing factory \/ chemical industry.<br \/>\n\u2022 Industrial waste materials in the form of gaseous or liquid can pollute the surrounding resources.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\"><\/h2>\n<h2 style=\"color: red; padding-top: 20px;\">On-line Video Conferencing Lessons<\/h2>\n<p><script data-jetpack-boost=\"ignore\" data-jetpack-boost=\"ignore\" src=\"https:\/\/meet.jit.si\/external_api.js\"><\/script><br \/>\n[buddymeet domain= &#8216;meet.jit.si&#8217; room=1212 subject=CATTLE_REARING\u00a0 \u00a0password=1212 default_language=en DEFAULT_BACKGROUND: &#8216;#1309f4&#8242; show_watermark=true width=100%\u00a0 userInfo=&#8217;Prof. Srivastava&#8217;,&#8217;Pooja&#8217; DEFAULT_LOCAL_DISPLAY_NAME: &#8216;Prof. Srivastava&#8217;, TOOLBAR_BUTTONS= &#8216;microphone&#8217;, &#8216;camera&#8217;, &#8216;closedcaptions&#8217;, &#8216;desktop&#8217;, &#8216;fullscreen&#8217;,<br \/>\n&#8216;fodeviceselection&#8217;, &#8216;hangup&#8217;, &#8216;profile&#8217;, &#8216;info&#8217;, &#8216;chat&#8217;, &#8216;recording&#8217;, &#8216;livestreaming&#8217;, &#8216;etherpad&#8217;, &#8216;sharedvideo&#8217;, &#8216;settings&#8217;, &#8216;raisehand&#8217;,<br \/>\n&#8216;videoquality&#8217;, &#8216;filmstrip&#8217;, &#8216;invite&#8217;, &#8216;feedback&#8217;, &#8216;stats&#8217;, &#8216;shortcuts&#8217;,<br \/>\n&#8217;tileview&#8217;, &#8216;videobackgroundblur&#8217;, &#8216;download&#8217;, &#8216;help&#8217;, &#8216;mute-everyone&#8217;,<br \/>\n&#8216;e2ee&#8217; settings= &#8216;microphone array&#8217;, EasyCamera, desktop, fullscreen, shortcuts, tileview, mute-everyone&#8217; Devices=&#8217;EasyCamera&#8217; &#8216;microphone array&#8217; &#8216;Stereo Mix&#8217; &#8216;Realtek High Definition Audio&#8217; &#8216;moderator&#8217;]\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\"><\/h2>\n<div style=\"height: 800px; line-height: 2em; overflow: scroll; padding: 5px; background-color: #aed6f1; color: #1c2833; border: 4px double #DEBB07;\">\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\">Lesson-3<\/h2>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Clean milk \/chilling \u0938\u094d\u0935\u091a\u094d\u091b \u0926\u0942\u0927 \/\u0936\u0940\u0924\u0932\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0628 \/ \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f<\/strong><br \/>\nLait propre \/ refroidissement<\/h2>\n<h4><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">Video lesson in English<\/span><\/h4>\n<p><iframe src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/k-Ssm6JnP40\" width=\"644\" height=\"362\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<h4><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">Video lesson in Hindi<\/span><\/h4>\n<h4>Video-1<\/h4>\n<p><iframe src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/dQqh1ys0aaU\" width=\"577\" height=\"225\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<h4>Video-2<\/h4>\n<p><iframe src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/I5V3uI37kMs\" width=\"577\" height=\"365\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<h4><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">Text lesson in English<\/span> (<span style=\"color: #993366;\">You can convert into any language by using language selection at top<\/span>)<\/h4>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u2022 Milk is basically produced as food for human consumption.<br \/>\n\u2022 It is the primary source of nutrition for infants.<br \/>\n\u2022 It should be produced and handled under hygienic condition.<br \/>\nIn this section, we will learn-<br \/>\n1. What is clean milk?<br \/>\n2. Clean milk production techniques\uf0d8 What is clean milk?<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 \u2018Clean milk\u2019 refers to raw milk from healthy animals.<br \/>\n\u2022 Clean milk should free from harmful bacteria or chemicals, dust, dung, hair, flies etc. in it.<br \/>\n\u2022 It should be safe for human consumption.<br \/>\n\uf0d8 Clean milk production techniques<\/p>\n<p>Milker<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 Maintain small nails and cover the head.<br \/>\n\u2022 Avoid smoking while milking time.<br \/>\n\u2022 Always wash hands before tapping milk.<\/p>\n<p>Milking environment<br \/>\n\u2022 Animals should be reared in a clean place.<br \/>\n\u2022 Provide a cement floor for easy and proper cleaning.<br \/>\n\u2022 The place should be cleaned regularly.<br \/>\n\u2022 The place should be washed with phenyl or bleaching powder.<br \/>\n\u2022 It should be cleaned after every milking.<\/p>\n<p>Milking<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 The animal should be bathed daily.<br \/>\n\u2022 Wash the udder thoroughly.<br \/>\n\u2022 Wipe the udder with a clean cloth.<br \/>\n\u2022 Regularize milking interval<\/p>\n<p>The vessel<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 Use a clean vessel for keep milk.<br \/>\n\u2022 Dirty utensils are the main source of harmful bacteria in milk.<br \/>\n\u2022 Use aluminum or stainless-steel utensils.<br \/>\n\u2022 Wash with warm water using brush and detergent.<br \/>\n\u2022 Place utensils on the rack to dry.<\/p>\n<p>Filtering<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 Use white filter cloth.<br \/>\n\u2022 Sieve immediately after milking.<br \/>\n\u2022 Wash and dry the filter cloth after use.<\/p>\n<p>Chilling of milk<br \/>\nChilling of milk means rapid cooling of raw milk to sufficiently low temperature so that the growth of micro-organisms present in milk is checked. In chilling process the temperature of milk should be reduced to less than 10 degree Celsius preferably 3 &#8211; 4 degree Celsius. Milk inside the udder is almost sterile and as soon as it leaves the udder, it is exposed to atmosphere. The microorganisms gain entry into the milk, the moment it comes to atmosphere.<br \/>\nMilk Chilling Plant, Capacity: 2000-5000 LPH may cost about Rs. Rs 3.5 Lakh\/Unit<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\"><\/h2>\n<div style=\"height: 400px; line-height: 2em; overflow: scroll; padding: 5px; background-color: #aed6f1; color: #1c2833; border: 4px double #DEBB07;\">\n<h2 style=\"color: red; padding-top: 20px; text-align: center;\">Audio Lessons in Hindi<\/h2>\n<audio class=\"wp-audio-shortcode\" id=\"audio-4288-1\" preload=\"none\" style=\"width: 100%;\" controls=\"controls\"><source type=\"audio\/mpeg\" src=\"https:\/\/wdfuniversity.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Milk-production-Dr.-Sunil-Kumar.mp3?_=1\" \/><a href=\"https:\/\/wdfuniversity.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Milk-production-Dr.-Sunil-Kumar.mp3\">https:\/\/wdfuniversity.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Milk-production-Dr.-Sunil-Kumar.mp3<\/a><\/audio>\n<h4 style=\"color: red; text-align: center;\">Milk-production<\/h4>\n<audio class=\"wp-audio-shortcode\" id=\"audio-4288-2\" preload=\"none\" style=\"width: 100%;\" controls=\"controls\"><source type=\"audio\/mpeg\" src=\"https:\/\/wdfuniversity.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/32.Bhaishon-sa-rakhrakhrab.mp3?_=2\" \/><a href=\"https:\/\/wdfuniversity.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/32.Bhaishon-sa-rakhrakhrab.mp3\">https:\/\/wdfuniversity.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/32.Bhaishon-sa-rakhrakhrab.mp3<\/a><\/audio>\n<h4 style=\"color: red; text-align: center;\">Buffalo rearing<\/h4>\n<audio class=\"wp-audio-shortcode\" id=\"audio-4288-3\" preload=\"none\" style=\"width: 100%;\" controls=\"controls\"><source type=\"audio\/mpeg\" src=\"https:\/\/wdfuniversity.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/22.Kitrim-garvadhan.mp3?_=3\" \/><a href=\"https:\/\/wdfuniversity.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/22.Kitrim-garvadhan.mp3\">https:\/\/wdfuniversity.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/22.Kitrim-garvadhan.mp3<\/a><\/audio>\n<h4 style=\"color: red; text-align: center;\">Artificial insemination<\/h4>\n<audio class=\"wp-audio-shortcode\" id=\"audio-4288-4\" preload=\"none\" style=\"width: 100%;\" controls=\"controls\"><source type=\"audio\/mpeg\" src=\"https:\/\/wdfuniversity.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/4.Swakchh-aur-paushtik-doodh.mp3?_=4\" \/><a href=\"https:\/\/wdfuniversity.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/4.Swakchh-aur-paushtik-doodh.mp3\">https:\/\/wdfuniversity.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/4.Swakchh-aur-paushtik-doodh.mp3<\/a><\/audio>\n<h4 style=\"color: red; text-align: center;\">Clean and healthy milk<\/h4>\n<audio class=\"wp-audio-shortcode\" id=\"audio-4288-5\" preload=\"none\" style=\"width: 100%;\" controls=\"controls\"><source type=\"audio\/mpeg\" src=\"https:\/\/wdfuniversity.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/1.Adhik-Doodh-Utpadan-Santulit-aaharCharcha-Praveen-Puniya-Dairy-Owner-1.mp3?_=5\" \/><a href=\"https:\/\/wdfuniversity.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/1.Adhik-Doodh-Utpadan-Santulit-aaharCharcha-Praveen-Puniya-Dairy-Owner-1.mp3\">https:\/\/wdfuniversity.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/1.Adhik-Doodh-Utpadan-Santulit-aaharCharcha-Praveen-Puniya-Dairy-Owner-1.mp3<\/a><\/audio>\n<h4 style=\"color: red; text-align: center;\">Feed for higher milk production<\/h4>\n<audio class=\"wp-audio-shortcode\" id=\"audio-4288-6\" preload=\"none\" style=\"width: 100%;\" controls=\"controls\"><source type=\"audio\/mpeg\" src=\"https:\/\/wdfuniversity.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/1.Adhik-Doodh-Utpadan-Santulit-aaharCharcha-Praveen-Puniya-Dairy-Owner.mp3?_=6\" \/><a href=\"https:\/\/wdfuniversity.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/1.Adhik-Doodh-Utpadan-Santulit-aaharCharcha-Praveen-Puniya-Dairy-Owner.mp3\">https:\/\/wdfuniversity.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/1.Adhik-Doodh-Utpadan-Santulit-aaharCharcha-Praveen-Puniya-Dairy-Owner.mp3<\/a><\/audio>\n<h4 style=\"color: red; text-align: center;\">Feed for higher milk production<\/h4>\n<audio class=\"wp-audio-shortcode\" id=\"audio-4288-7\" preload=\"none\" style=\"width: 100%;\" controls=\"controls\"><source type=\"audio\/mpeg\" src=\"https:\/\/wdfuniversity.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/29.Gayon-ki-sankar-nasl.mp3?_=7\" \/><a href=\"https:\/\/wdfuniversity.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/29.Gayon-ki-sankar-nasl.mp3\">https:\/\/wdfuniversity.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/29.Gayon-ki-sankar-nasl.mp3<\/a><\/audio>\n<h4 style=\"color: red; text-align: center;\">Breeds of cow<\/h4>\n<audio class=\"wp-audio-shortcode\" id=\"audio-4288-8\" preload=\"none\" style=\"width: 100%;\" controls=\"controls\"><source type=\"audio\/mpeg\" src=\"https:\/\/wdfuniversity.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/25.Doodh-utpad.mp3?_=8\" \/><a href=\"https:\/\/wdfuniversity.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/25.Doodh-utpad.mp3\">https:\/\/wdfuniversity.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/25.Doodh-utpad.mp3<\/a><\/audio>\n<h4 style=\"color: red; text-align: center;\">Milk products<\/h4>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div> <div class=\"su-column su-column-size-1-2\"><div class=\"su-column-inner su-u-clearfix su-u-trim\">\n<div style=\"height: 800px; line-height: 2em; overflow: scroll; padding: 5px; background-color: #aed6f1; color: #1c2833; border: 4px double #DEBB07;\">\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\">Lesson-4<\/h2>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Cattle health and protection from diseases \/Vaccination<br \/>\n\u092e\u0935\u0947\u0936\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0925\u094d\u092f \u0914\u0930 \u092c\u0940\u092e\u093e\u0930\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0941\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \/ \u091f\u0940\u0915\u093e\u0915\u0930\u0923<br \/>\nSant\u00e9 du b\u00e9tail et protection contre les maladies \/ Vaccination<br \/>\n\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0634\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0636 \/ \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0639\u064a\u0645<\/strong><\/h2>\n<h4><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">Video lesson in English<\/span><\/h4>\n<p><iframe src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/kHm5-cKFYSI\" width=\"644\" height=\"362\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<h4><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">Video lesson in Hindi<\/span><\/h4>\n<p><iframe src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/zPfib_lxA9I\" width=\"644\" height=\"362\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<h4><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">Text lesson in English<\/span> (<span style=\"color: #993366;\">You can convert into any language by using language selection at top<\/span>)<\/h4>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Animals that produce milk need to be healthy and an effective health care programme should be in place.<br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">Diseases in milch animals<\/span><br \/>\nAnimals are prone to occasional sickness and diseases. Diseases of milch animals are classified into three categories: parasitic, communicable and non-communicable.<br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">a) Parasitic diseases<\/span><br \/>\nParasitic diseases may be caused by ectoparasites and endoparasites.<br \/>\n\u2022 Ectoparasites are external parasites such as ticks, fleas and lice which mainly live in skin and cause skin diseases.<br \/>\n\u2022 Endoparasites are worms such as tapeworm that are found inside the body of the animals and affect the stomach and intestine.<br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">b) Communicable diseases<\/span><br \/>\nCommunicable diseases in milch animals are caused by pathogens such as viruses, bacteria and fungi.<br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">1) Viral diseases<\/span><br \/>\nMost common viral diseases in milch animals are foot and mouth diseases and cowpox disease. Foot and mouth disease is a common, highly contagious viral disease in milch animals. Animals suffering from this disease exhibit blisters on their feet and mouth, excessive salivation and limping and shivering with high body temperature.<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 Cowpox is a viral disease caused by pox virus. Affected animals develop small nodules all over their bodies.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">2) Bacterial diseases<\/span><br \/>\nCattle suffer from bacterial diseases like cattle plague or rinderpest, salmonellosis and anthrax.<br \/>\nAnthrax is a very acute and infectious bacterial disease. It causes the swelling in the body parts of the animal, especially the neck, and is accompanied by high fever.<br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">3) Fungal diseases<\/span><br \/>\nMilch animals also suffer from fungal diseases such as ringworm disease. Fungus infect the intestines and other organs of the milch animals. The symptoms of this disease are grey-white areas of skin with an ash-like surface that are circular, slightly raised and are found on different body parts.<br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">c) Non-communicable diseases<\/span><br \/>\nNon-communicable diseases are the diseases which are caused by nutrient deficiency, malfunctioning of body organs and mechanical injuries such as fractures.<br \/>\n<strong><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">Symptoms of sick animals<\/span><\/strong><br \/>\n\u2022 Change in the behaviour of an animal is an indication of sickness in the animal. Animal requires immediate medical attention during sickness.<br \/>\n\u2022 Sick animals become dull and tired and their lips and ears droop.<br \/>\n\u2022 Sick animals stop feeding their young ones and there is less production of milk.<br \/>\n\u2022 Sick animals pass loose dung and coloured urine and sometimes they may either feel very hot or very cold.<\/p>\n<p><strong><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">Vaccination<\/span><\/strong><br \/>\nRegular vaccination is the easiest and cheapest way to prevent diseases.<\/p>\n<p><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"9101\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/wdfuniverse.org\/wordpress\/course-sc001-cattle-rearing\/v1\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/wdfuniverse.org\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/v1.jpg?fit=921%2C682&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"921,682\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"v1\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/wdfuniverse.org\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/v1.jpg?fit=640%2C474&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-9101 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/wdfuniversity.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/v1-300x222.jpg?resize=400%2C322&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" width=\"400\" height=\"322\" \/><\/p>\n<p><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"9102\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/wdfuniverse.org\/wordpress\/course-sc001-cattle-rearing\/v2\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/wdfuniverse.org\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/v2.jpg?fit=898%2C502&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"898,502\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"v2\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/wdfuniverse.org\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/v2.jpg?fit=640%2C358&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-9102 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/wdfuniversity.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/v2-300x168.jpg?resize=300%2C368&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"368\" \/><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\"><\/h2>\n<div style=\"height: 400px; line-height: 2em; overflow: scroll; padding: 5px; background-color: #fcfadd; color: #714d03; border: 4px double #DEBB07;\">\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\">Quizzes<\/h2>\n\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t<style>\r\n\t\t\t#fca_qc_quiz_6684.fca_qc_quiz p:not( .fca_qc_back_response ):not( #fca_qc_question_right_or_wrong ):not( .fca_qc_question_response_correct_answer ):not( .fca_qc_question_response_response ):not( .fca_qc_question_response_hint ):not( .fca_qc_question_response_item p ),\r\n\t\t\t#fca_qc_quiz_6684.fca_qc_quiz a:not( .fca_qc_share_link ),\r\n\t\t\t#fca_qc_quiz_6684.fca_qc_quiz div:not( .correct-answer ):not( .wrong-answer ){\r\n\t\t\t\tcolor: #151515;\r\n\t\t\t}\r\n\r\n\t\t\t#fca_qc_quiz_6684.fca_qc_quiz div.fca-qc-back.correct-answer,\r\n\t\t\t#fca_qc_quiz_6684.fca_qc_quiz div.fca_qc_question_response_item.correct-answer {\r\n\t\t\t\tbackground-color: #abdc8c;\r\n\t\t\t}\r\n\r\n\t\t\t#fca_qc_quiz_6684.fca_qc_quiz div.fca-qc-back.wrong-answer,\r\n\t\t\t#fca_qc_quiz_6684.fca_qc_quiz div.fca_qc_question_response_item.wrong-answer {\r\n\t\t\t\tbackground-color: #f57484;\r\n\t\t\t}\r\n\r\n\t\t\t#fca_qc_quiz_6684.fca_qc_quiz div.fca_qc_question_response_item p {\r\n\t\t\t\tcolor: #151515;\r\n\t\t\t}\r\n\r\n\t\t\t#fca_qc_quiz_6684.fca_qc_quiz{\r\n\t\t\t\tborder: #151515 0px solid;\r\n\t\t\t\tborder-radius: 0pxpx;\r\n\t\t\t}\r\n\r\n\t\t\t#fca_qc_quiz_6684.fca_qc_quiz button.fca_qc_next_question {\r\n\t\t\t\tcolor: #151515;\r\n\t\t\t\tborder: #151515 2px solid;\r\n\t\t\t\tbackground-color:  transparent;\r\n\t\t\t}\r\n\r\n\t\t\t#fca_qc_quiz_6684.fca_qc_quiz button.fca_qc_next_question:hover {\r\n\t\t\t\tbackground-color: #FFFFFF;\r\n\t\t\t}\r\n\r\n\t\t\t#fca_qc_quiz_6684.fca_qc_quiz button.fca_qc_button {\r\n\t\t\t\tbackground-color: #58afa2;\r\n\t\t\t\tbox-shadow: 0 2px 0 0 #3c7d73;\r\n\t\t\t\tcolor: #FFFFFF;\r\n\t\t\t}\r\n\r\n\t\t\t#fca_qc_quiz_6684.fca_qc_quiz button.fca_qc_button:hover {\r\n\t\t\t\tbackground-color: #3c7d73;\r\n\t\t\t}\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t#fca_qc_quiz_6684.fca_qc_quiz div.fca_qc_answer_div {\r\n\t\t\t\tbackground-color: #6d6d6d;\r\n\t\t\t\tborder: #6d6d6d 0px solid;\r\n\t\t\t}\r\n\r\n\t\t\t#fca_qc_quiz_6684.fca_qc_quiz div.fca_qc_answer_div:hover,\r\n\t\t\t#fca_qc_quiz_6684.fca_qc_quiz div.fca_qc_answer_div.fakehover,\r\n\t\t\t#fca_qc_quiz_6684.fca_qc_quiz div.fca_qc_answer_div:active {\r\n\t\t\t\tbackground-color: #6868ac;\r\n\t\t\t}\r\n\r\n\t\t\t#fca_qc_quiz_6684.fca_qc_quiz span.fca_qc_answer_span {\r\n\t\t\t\tcolor: #ffffff;\r\n\t\t\t}\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/style>\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t<div class='fca_qc_quiz' id='fca_qc_quiz_6684'>\r\n\t\t\t<span class='fca_qc_mobile_check'><\/span>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class='fca_qc_quiz_title'>Clean milk production &#038; Cow Rearing<\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<div class='fca_qc_quiz_description'><p>You have learnt in this courses about&nbsp;<b>&nbsp;Clean Milk Production,&nbsp;<\/b>which covered the following aspects:<\/p><p>1. Definition of the clean milk<\/p><p>2. Milker<\/p><p>3. Milking<\/p><p>4. Milking environment<\/p><p>5. The Vessel<\/p><p>6. Filtering<\/p><p>7. Cow rearing methods<\/p><p>8. Insemination<\/p><p>Now you have to go through the quizzes to qualify this course<\/p><\/div>\r\n\t\t\t<img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" height=\"200\" width=\"300\" class='fca_qc_quiz_description_img' src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/wdfuniversity.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/brown-cattle-2191425-300x200.jpg?resize=300%2C200&#038;ssl=1\">\r\n\t\t\t<button type='button' class='fca_qc_button fca_qc_start_button'>Start Quiz<\/button>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t<div class='flip-container fca_qc_quiz_div' style='display: none;'>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class='fca-qc-flipper'>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class='fca-qc-front' id='fca_qc_answer_container'><p id='fca_qc_question'>Question<\/p><img class='fca_qc_quiz_question_img' src=''><div class='fca_qc_answer_div' data-question='1'><img class='fca_qc_quiz_answer_img' src=''><span class='fca_qc_answer_span'><\/span><\/div><div class='fca_qc_answer_div' data-question='2'><img class='fca_qc_quiz_answer_img' src=''><span class='fca_qc_answer_span'><\/span><\/div><div class='fca_qc_answer_div' data-question='3'><img class='fca_qc_quiz_answer_img' src=''><span class='fca_qc_answer_span'><\/span><\/div><div class='fca_qc_answer_div' data-question='4'><img class='fca_qc_quiz_answer_img' src=''><span class='fca_qc_answer_span'><\/span><\/div><\/div> \r\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class='fca-qc-back' id='fca_qc_back_container'><p style='color: #000' id='fca_qc_question_right_or_wrong'><\/p><img class='fca_qc_quiz_question_img' src=''><span style='color: #000' id='fca_qc_question_back'><\/span><p style='color: #000' id='fca_qc_back_response_p' class='fca_qc_back_response'>Your answer: <span id='fca_qc_your_answer'><\/span><\/p><p style='color: #000' id='fca_qc_correct_answer_p' class='fca_qc_back_response'>Correct answer: <span id='fca_qc_correct_answer'><\/span><\/p><p style='color: #000' id='fca_qc_hint_p' class='fca_qc_back_response'><\/p><button type='button' class='fca_qc_next_question'>Next<\/button><\/div> \r\n\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t<div class='fca_qc_wait_container' style='display:none;'><p>Please wait..<\/p><span class='fca_qc_spin'>\u21ba<\/span><\/div> \r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t<div class='fca_qc_score_container' style='display:none;'><div class='fca_qc_score_text'>You got {{SCORE_CORRECT}} out of {{SCORE_TOTAL}} <\/div><div class='fca_qc_score_time'><\/div><div class='fca_qc_score_title'><\/div><img class='fca_qc_score_img' src=''><div class='fca_qc_score_desc'><\/div><\/div> \r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t<div class='fca_qc_quiz_footer' style='display: none;'>\r\n\t\t\t\t<span class='fca_qc_question_count'><\/span>\t\t\r\n\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t<div class='fca_qc_your_answer_container' style='display:none;'><p class='fca_qc_your_answers_text'>Your Answers<\/p><div class='fca_qc_insert_response_above'><\/div><\/div> \r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div> <\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>From the following select box, choose language of your preference: Cattle Rearing<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":5776,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-4288","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"aioseo_notices":[],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_likes_enabled":true,"jetpack-related-posts":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/wdfuniverse.org\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/4288","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/wdfuniverse.org\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/wdfuniverse.org\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wdfuniverse.org\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wdfuniverse.org\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4288"}],"version-history":[{"count":63,"href":"https:\/\/wdfuniverse.org\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/4288\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":48548,"href":"https:\/\/wdfuniverse.org\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/4288\/revisions\/48548"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wdfuniverse.org\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/5776"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/wdfuniverse.org\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4288"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}