{"id":2042,"date":"2020-01-31T11:12:51","date_gmt":"2020-01-31T05:42:51","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/worlddevelopmentindia.com\/?page_id=2042"},"modified":"2026-05-15T18:29:07","modified_gmt":"2026-05-15T12:59:07","slug":"course-6-modern-method-of-seed-production","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/wdfuniverse.org\/wordpress\/course-6-modern-method-of-seed-production\/","title":{"rendered":"Course-AS001 Modern method of seed production"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"2042\" class=\"elementor elementor-2042\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-589e9f86 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"589e9f86\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1effba10\" data-id=\"1effba10\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-51e3fb72 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"51e3fb72\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<b style=\"color: red;\">From the following select box, choose language of your preference:<\/b>\n<div id=\"google_translate_element\"><\/div>\n<script data-jetpack-boost=\"ignore\" type=\"text\/javascript\">\nfunction googleTranslateElementInit() {\n  new google.translate.TranslateElement({pageLanguage: 'en'}, 'google_translate_element');\n}\n<\/script>\n\n<script data-jetpack-boost=\"ignore\" type=\"text\/javascript\" src=\"\/\/translate.google.com\/translate_a\/element.js?cb=googleTranslateElementInit\"><\/script>\n<h1 style=\"text-align: center;\">Modern methods of seed production and quality certification<\/h1>\n<div class=\"su-row\">\n<div class=\"su-column su-column-size-1-4\"><div class=\"su-column-inner su-u-clearfix su-u-trim\">\n<h2><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">Learning objectives<\/span><\/h2>\n<h4><span style=\"color: #ff00ff;\">After completing the course<\/span><\/h4>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">In this course, we will study the production of high quality seeds. This will include methods, precautions, quality control and certification.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"su-column su-column-size-1-2\"><div class=\"su-column-inner su-u-clearfix su-u-trim\">\n<h2><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">Curriculum<\/span><\/h2>\n<h4><span style=\"color: #ff00ff;\">Background<\/span><\/h4>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Among all inputs in agriculture seed is the critical, vital and most important Input. India has made significant advance in agriculture in the last four decades, in which role of the seed sector has been substantial. The Indian Seed Industry is currently valued about Rs. 6,500 crores. There are about 150 &#8211; 200 organized seed companies existing in India today.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">In this course, we will study:\n1) Importance of Quality Seeds\n2) Difference between seed and edible grain\n3) Types of plants\n4) Seed production<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">5. Quality and Certification<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n  <div class=\"su-column su-column-size-1-4\"><div class=\"su-column-inner su-u-clearfix su-u-trim\">\n\n<h2><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">Course Coordinator<\/span><\/h2>\n<h4><span style=\"color: #ff00ff;\">Prof. Dr. H. O. Srivastava<\/span><\/h4>\n<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"825\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/wdfuniverse.org\/wordpress\/best-courses-for-life-long-learning\/hos-iete-2000\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/wdfuniverse.org\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/hos-iete-2000-scaled.jpeg?fit=1670%2C2560&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"1670,2560\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;1488810256&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"hos iete 2000\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/wdfuniverse.org\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/hos-iete-2000-scaled.jpeg?fit=640%2C981&amp;ssl=1\" data-recalc-dims=\"1\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-825\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/worlddevelopmentindia.com\/\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/hos-iete-2000-196x300.jpeg?resize=196%2C300&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" width=\"196\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/wdfuniverse.org\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/hos-iete-2000-scaled.jpeg?resize=196%2C300&amp;ssl=1 196w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/wdfuniverse.org\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/hos-iete-2000-scaled.jpeg?resize=668%2C1024&amp;ssl=1 668w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/wdfuniverse.org\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/hos-iete-2000-scaled.jpeg?resize=768%2C1177&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/wdfuniverse.org\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/hos-iete-2000-scaled.jpeg?resize=1002%2C1536&amp;ssl=1 1002w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/wdfuniverse.org\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/hos-iete-2000-scaled.jpeg?resize=1336%2C2048&amp;ssl=1 1336w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/wdfuniverse.org\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/hos-iete-2000-scaled.jpeg?resize=600%2C920&amp;ssl=1 600w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/wdfuniverse.org\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/hos-iete-2000-scaled.jpeg?w=1670&amp;ssl=1 1670w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/wdfuniverse.org\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/hos-iete-2000-scaled.jpeg?w=1280&amp;ssl=1 1280w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 196px) 100vw, 196px\" \/>\n<h2>Course Material<\/h2>\nText lessons-4\n\nVideo lessons in English-4\n\nVideo lessons in Hindi-3\n\nQuizzes\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"su-row\">\n<div class=\"su-column su-column-size-1-2\"><div class=\"su-column-inner su-u-clearfix su-u-trim\">\n<h2><\/h2>\n<div style=\"height: 800px; line-height: 2em; overflow: scroll; padding: 5px; background-color: #aed6f1; color: #1c2833; border: 4px double #DEBB07;\">\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\">Course<\/h2>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Modern methods of seed production and quality certification\n\u092c\u0940\u091c \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0906\u0927\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0924\u0930\u0940\u0915\u0947 \u0914\u0930 \u0917\u0941\u0923\u0935\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0923\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923\n\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0630\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 Br&gt;\nM\u00e9thodes modernes de production de semences et certification de la qualit\u00e9<\/strong>\nLait propre \/ refroidissement<\/h2>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">Lesson-1<\/span><\/h4>\n<h2><strong>Seed Production techniques Part-1<\/strong><\/h2>\n<h4><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">Video lesson in English<\/span><\/h4>\n<iframe src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/yGgGtmAI-0U\" width=\"644\" height=\"362\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe>\n<h4><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">Video lesson in Hindi<\/span><\/h4>\n<iframe src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/qHCU7256iZg\" width=\"644\" height=\"362\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe>\n<h4><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">Text lesson in English<\/span> (<span style=\"color: #993366;\">You can convert into any language by using language selection at top<\/span>)<\/h4>\nSubstantial increase in yield and quality of crops depends upon a number of factors namely,\u00a0fertilizers, irrigation, plant protection and agronomic practices. The use of high-quality seed plays a vital role in the crop production. Farming can benefit by use of advanced varieties of seeds. In this course, we will study:\n1) Importance of Quality Seeds\n2) Difference between seed and edible grain\n3) Types of plants\n4) Seed production\n<span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">Importance of Quality Seeds<\/span>\n\u2022 It is basic element to good crop and yield and increases agricultural production.\n\u2022 It is the cheapest in crop production but it is most important key of agriculture progress.\n\u2022 Crop status largely depends on the seed materials used.\n\u2022 According to the experts, good quality seeds to improved varieties can contribute about 20-25% increase in yield.\n<span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">Difference between seed and grain<\/span>\n\nSeeds must meet minimum seed certification standards.\n\nSeeds should have germination capacity that is not mandatory from grains.\n\nThe seed must be genetically pure.\n\nNot all seeds are edible but almost all grains are edible.\n\nFor seed production, it is necessary to know the type of plants.\n\n<span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">Types of plants<\/span>\nDepending on pollination, plants are divided in two types-\n\u2022 Self-pollination\n\u2022 Cross-pollination\n\na) <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">Self-pollination:<\/span> In this, both males and females are found in the same plant. There is less dependence on the external factors to cause pollination. These plants depend on wind or other smaller insects that visit the flower regularly. Example- paddy, wheat etc.\nb) <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">Cross-pollination:<\/span> In this, the pollen is transferred from the anthers of one flower to the stigma of another flower. Cross-pollination is always dependent on another agent to cause the pollination. Example-maize. This degrades the seed quality.\n<span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">Seed Production<\/span>\n\nProduction of high-quality seed is vital to modern agriculture. Seed quality can have a major impact on crop yield. The following points are necessary for seed production-\n\n\u2022<span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"> Crop selection<\/span>\nFactors affecting crop selection-\n1)<span style=\"color: #000000;\"> Climate factor<\/span>\n2) Water requirement\n3) Soil condition\n4) Availability and cost of planting materials\n\n\u2022 <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">Selection of crop species<\/span>\nAlways select the same crop species which is recommended in your local region.\n\u2022<span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"> Class of Seeds<\/span>\nThe seeds are categorized into three parts and we can easily identify by their tag colour. Certification is required only for foundation seeds and certified seeds.\nBreeder seed\nFoundation seed\nCertified seed\n\u2022 <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">Registration<\/span>\nThere are about 23 seed certified institutions in India. Farmers who want to produce seeds are required to register first. A date has been determined for registration.\nFor Rabi crops- 15th January\nFor Kharif crops- 15th July\n\u2022 <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">Precautions while buying seeds<\/span>\n\na) Buy only certified seeds.\nb) Take the receipt while purchasing the seed.\nc) Never buy open seeds.\nd) Buy the seeds after seeing the label.\ne) Must read the written specification in the tag.\n\n\u2022<span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"> Seed Treatment<\/span>\nSeed treatment refers to protect the seeds from pathogens, insects, soil-borne pathogens and unusual conditions.\nEx- Vitavax is a fungicide used for seed treatment. It uses 2.5g\/kg seed.\nNote- For seed producers, it is very important to make a proper document in which all the required information are available like seed details, pesticide details, etc.\n\n<\/div>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\"><\/h2>\n<div style=\"height: 800px; line-height: 2em; overflow: scroll; padding: 5px; background-color: #aed6f1; color: #1c2833; border: 4px double #DEBB07;\">\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\">Course<\/h2>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Modern methods of seed production and quality certification\n\u092c\u0940\u091c \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0906\u0927\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0924\u0930\u0940\u0915\u0947 \u0914\u0930 \u0917\u0941\u0923\u0935\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0923\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923\n\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0630\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 Br&gt;\nM\u00e9thodes modernes de production de semences et certification de la qualit\u00e9<\/strong>\nLait propre \/ refroidissement<\/h2>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">Lesson-2<\/span><\/h4>\n<h2><strong>Seed Production techniques Part-2<\/strong><\/h2>\n<h4><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">Video lesson in English<\/span><\/h4>\n<iframe src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/wFtjownLews\" width=\"644\" height=\"362\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe>\n<h4><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">Video lesson in Hindi<\/span><\/h4>\n<iframe src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/eNHG5VktqBc\" width=\"644\" height=\"362\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe>\n<h4><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">Text lesson in English<\/span> (<span style=\"color: #993366;\">You can convert into any language by using language selection at top<\/span>)<\/h4>\n<strong>Seed Production Techniques (part 2)<\/strong>\n\n<span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>Rouging <\/strong><\/span>\n<ol>\n \t<li>Rouging is required for seed production.<\/li>\n \t<li>It is a process of removal of weak, undesirable, diseased or abnormal plants from the field.<\/li>\n \t<li>In order to maintain the genetic purity, seed crop should be isolated from other crops of other varieties.<\/li>\n \t<li>Rouging at all stages of the crop in the field is an essential requirement. They are easy to identify. They may differ &#8211; in height, colour, maturity and flowering time, etc.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n \t<li><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>During Flowering<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol>\n \t<li>The field should have uniform plants.<\/li>\n \t<li>Premature and post-flowering plants should be removed from the field.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n \t<li><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>Before Harvesting<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol>\n \t<li>In some plants, a similar bud came out but it ripened quickly compared to others, such plants should also be removed from the field.<\/li>\n \t<li>All buds should have the same color, composition, length, thickness, uniformity. If not, such plants should be removed from the field.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>Use of Fertilizer &amp; Irrigation <\/strong><\/span>\n\nWhen the crop is sown after treating the seeds, it is necessary to take full care of the amount of water and fertilizers at the time of irrigation.\n<ul>\n \t<li><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>Fertilizer<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Soils naturally contain many nutrients like nitrogen, phosphorus, calcium, and potassium. These nutrients help plants to grow. When soil nutrients are missing or in short supply, plants suffer from nutrient deficiency and stop growing.<\/p>\n\n<ol>\n \t<li>Farmers use fertilizers because these substances contain plant nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium.<\/li>\n \t<li>Fertilizer should be used in balanced quantities in the crop.<\/li>\n \t<li>Farmers have the myth that a high amount of nitrogen makes the crop better, but it is not so. Rather it makes the colour of plants more green which invites insects and diseases. Fertilizer should always be given in the crop in 4: 2: 1 (nitrogen: phosphorus: potassium) quantity.<\/li>\n \t<li>Do not use too much urea in the crop; this causes damage to the crop.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n \t<li><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>Irrigation<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\nIt is important to supply water to crops and plants from periodically according to their requirement. Irrigation is the appropriate supply of water to plants.\n\nAccording to experts, irrigation should be done within 20-25 days, otherwise the productivity of the crop decreases significantly and seed quality also affected.\n\nIrrigation provides the moisture that is crucial during the germination phase of the plant\u2019s life cycle.\n\n<\/div>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\"><\/h2>\n<div style=\"height: 800px; line-height: 2em; overflow: scroll; padding: 5px; background-color: #aed6f1; color: #1c2833; border: 4px double #DEBB07;\">\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\">Course<\/h2>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Modern methods of seed production and quality certification\n\u092c\u0940\u091c \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0906\u0927\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0924\u0930\u0940\u0915\u0947 \u0914\u0930 \u0917\u0941\u0923\u0935\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0923\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923\n\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0630\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 Br&gt;\nM\u00e9thodes modernes de production de semences et certification de la qualit\u00e9<\/strong>\nLait propre \/ refroidissement<\/h2>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">Lesson-3<\/span><\/h4>\n<h2><strong>Seed Production techniques Part-3<\/strong><\/h2>\n<h4><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">Video lesson in English<\/span><\/h4>\n<iframe src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/7blGOOrgRHQ\" width=\"644\" height=\"362\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe>\n<h4><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">Video lesson in Hindi<\/span><\/h4>\n<iframe src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/EcvvDOGnT2M\" width=\"644\" height=\"362\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe>\n<h4><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">Text lesson in English<\/span> (<span style=\"color: #993366;\">You can convert into any language by using language selection at top<\/span>)<\/h4>\n<strong>Seed Production Techniques (part 3)<\/strong>\nIn agriculture and horticulture, hybrid seeds are produced by crossing two different varieties of the same plant. The crossing involves taking pollen from the male flower of a plant and transferring it to the female flower parts of a different plant. After the female flower is pollinated, it will begin to thrive and become fruit. The seeds that grow inside that fruit are hybrid seeds.\nHybrid seed production is prominent in modern agriculture.\nIn self-pollinating crops, cross-pollination is difficult, but in cross-pollination crops, it is easy.\nTo produce hybrid seeds, a pollination control system is needed to prevent unwanted self-pollination.\nThe crop species are maize, sunflower, sorbet and wheat.\n\n<span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">Some advantages of using hybrid seeds:<\/span>\nThey are easier and faster to develop.\nThey are often produced large fruits and give higher yields.\nIt is much less affected by various types of environmental stresses such as insects and plant diseases.\nIt also has the advantage that it offers superior in an impressive manner compared to non-hybrid seeds.\nHybrid seeds are the most drought and pest tolerant.\nIt helps in the process of acquiring very new species of vegetables or flowers etc.\nThus, with the help of hybrid seeds, farmers can avoid various yield-related risks.\n\n<span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">Tips for storing seeds-<\/span>\nFirst, you need to keep the seeds cool and dry.\nPut them in a plastic ziplock bag, canister or jar with a tight-fitting lid.\nFarmers can store seeds in earthen mud pots.\nIt is best to keep a packet of silica gel in the container to help keep the seeds dry. Change it in every six months.\nKeep the container in a dry and cool place.\nMoisture and humidity shorten the shelf life of a seed.\nWhen you are ready to use them, take out the canister and keep it closed until the seeds come to room temperature.\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"su-column su-column-size-1-2\"><div class=\"su-column-inner su-u-clearfix su-u-trim\">\n<div style=\"height: 800px; line-height: 2em; overflow: scroll; padding: 5px; background-color: #aed6f1; color: #1c2833; border: 4px double #DEBB07;\">\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\">Course<\/h2>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Modern methods of seed production and quality certification\n\u092c\u0940\u091c \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0906\u0927\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0924\u0930\u0940\u0915\u0947 \u0914\u0930 \u0917\u0941\u0923\u0935\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0923\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923\n\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0630\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 Br&gt;\nM\u00e9thodes modernes de production de semences et certification de la qualit\u00e9<\/strong>\nLait propre \/ refroidissement<\/h2>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">Lesson-4<\/span><\/h4>\n<h2><strong>Seed quality and certification<\/strong><\/h2>\n<h4><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">Video lesson in English<\/span><\/h4>\n<iframe src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/l3s2v4CJvPY\" width=\"644\" height=\"362\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe>\n<h4><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">Text lesson in English<\/span> (<span style=\"color: #993366;\">You can convert into any language by using language selection at top<\/span>)<\/h4>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>Seed quality and certification<\/strong><\/span>\nAmong all inputs in agriculture seed is the critical, vital and most important Input. India has made significant advance in agriculture in the last four decades, in which role of the seed sector has been substantial. The Indian Seed Industry is currently valued about Rs. 6,500 crores. There are about 150 &#8211; 200 organized seed companies existing in India today. The present Seed Replacement Rate (SRR) is around 15-20 % for various crops. This SRR level has to be increased to 25 % (proposed 35 %) in self pollinated crops, 33 % in cross pollinated crops (proposed 50%) and 100 % for hybrid crops, in order to increase sustainable agriculture production and productivity for achieving the food, nutritional and social security. Making quality seeds available is going to be one of the most important challenges before us. India has sizeable public and private sector seed businesses. Giant public sector players include the National Seeds Corporation (NSC), the State Farms Corporation of India (SFCI) and thirteen State Seeds Corporations (SSCs).\nSeed quality control Quality control is an important component of the seed programme. There are two aspects of quality control. Firstly the genetic purity of the seed maintained during the production and marketing. Secondly it should have adequate qualities like high Germination and Physical purity, free from weed seeds, disease and have optimum moisture content.\nVariety release systems aim to make only those varieties of proven value available to farmers through the formal seed system. \u2022 Seed certification aims to control the varietal identity and purity throughout the seed chain. \u2022 Seed quality control checks on other seed characteristics such as viability, purity and seed health. Seed quality control also aims at protecting bona fide seed producers from competition by less scrupulous colleagues.\nSeed Certification Government of India established Certification Agencies for the states under Section 8 of the Seeds Act 1966 and registered under the Societies Act, 1886. Truthfully Labelled Seed should carry Opale green colour tag.\nValidity Period of the Certificate The validity period of the seed lot will be nine months from the date of test at the time of initial certification.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\"><\/h2>\n<div style=\"height: 800px; line-height: 2em; overflow: scroll; padding: 5px; background-color: #fcfadd; color: #714d03; border: 4px double #DEBB07;\">\n<h2><strong>Modern Methods of Seed Production and quality Certification <\/strong><\/h2>\n\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t\t<style>\r\n\t\t\t#fca_qc_quiz_2205.fca_qc_quiz p:not( .fca_qc_back_response ):not( #fca_qc_question_right_or_wrong ):not( .fca_qc_question_response_correct_answer ):not( .fca_qc_question_response_response ):not( .fca_qc_question_response_hint ):not( .fca_qc_question_response_item p ),\r\n\t\t\t#fca_qc_quiz_2205.fca_qc_quiz a:not( .fca_qc_share_link ),\r\n\t\t\t#fca_qc_quiz_2205.fca_qc_quiz div:not( .correct-answer ):not( .wrong-answer ){\r\n\t\t\t\tcolor: #151515;\r\n\t\t\t}\r\n\r\n\t\t\t#fca_qc_quiz_2205.fca_qc_quiz div.fca-qc-back.correct-answer,\r\n\t\t\t#fca_qc_quiz_2205.fca_qc_quiz div.fca_qc_question_response_item.correct-answer {\r\n\t\t\t\tbackground-color: #abdc8c;\r\n\t\t\t}\r\n\r\n\t\t\t#fca_qc_quiz_2205.fca_qc_quiz div.fca-qc-back.wrong-answer,\r\n\t\t\t#fca_qc_quiz_2205.fca_qc_quiz div.fca_qc_question_response_item.wrong-answer {\r\n\t\t\t\tbackground-color: #f57484;\r\n\t\t\t}\r\n\r\n\t\t\t#fca_qc_quiz_2205.fca_qc_quiz div.fca_qc_question_response_item p {\r\n\t\t\t\tcolor: #151515;\r\n\t\t\t}\r\n\r\n\t\t\t#fca_qc_quiz_2205.fca_qc_quiz{\r\n\t\t\t\tborder: #151515 0px solid;\r\n\t\t\t\tborder-radius: 0pxpx;\r\n\t\t\t}\r\n\r\n\t\t\t#fca_qc_quiz_2205.fca_qc_quiz button.fca_qc_next_question {\r\n\t\t\t\tcolor: #151515;\r\n\t\t\t\tborder: #151515 2px solid;\r\n\t\t\t\tbackground-color:  transparent;\r\n\t\t\t}\r\n\r\n\t\t\t#fca_qc_quiz_2205.fca_qc_quiz button.fca_qc_next_question:hover {\r\n\t\t\t\tbackground-color: #FFFFFF;\r\n\t\t\t}\r\n\r\n\t\t\t#fca_qc_quiz_2205.fca_qc_quiz button.fca_qc_button {\r\n\t\t\t\tbackground-color: #58afa2;\r\n\t\t\t\tbox-shadow: 0 2px 0 0 #3c7d73;\r\n\t\t\t\tcolor: #FFFFFF;\r\n\t\t\t}\r\n\r\n\t\t\t#fca_qc_quiz_2205.fca_qc_quiz button.fca_qc_button:hover {\r\n\t\t\t\tbackground-color: #3c7d73;\r\n\t\t\t}\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t#fca_qc_quiz_2205.fca_qc_quiz div.fca_qc_answer_div {\r\n\t\t\t\tbackground-color: #6d6d6d;\r\n\t\t\t\tborder: #6d6d6d 0px solid;\r\n\t\t\t}\r\n\r\n\t\t\t#fca_qc_quiz_2205.fca_qc_quiz div.fca_qc_answer_div:hover,\r\n\t\t\t#fca_qc_quiz_2205.fca_qc_quiz div.fca_qc_answer_div.fakehover,\r\n\t\t\t#fca_qc_quiz_2205.fca_qc_quiz div.fca_qc_answer_div:active {\r\n\t\t\t\tbackground-color: #6868ac;\r\n\t\t\t}\r\n\r\n\t\t\t#fca_qc_quiz_2205.fca_qc_quiz span.fca_qc_answer_span {\r\n\t\t\t\tcolor: #ffffff;\r\n\t\t\t}\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/style>\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t<div class='fca_qc_quiz' id='fca_qc_quiz_2205'>\r\n\t\t\t<span class='fca_qc_mobile_check'><\/span>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class='fca_qc_quiz_title'>Modern Ways of seed production Quizzes<\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<div class='fca_qc_quiz_description'><p>You have learnt:<\/p><p>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-family: Lato, sans-serif;font-size: 18px;font-style: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: normal;text-align: left;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;float: none\">1) Importance of Quality Seeds<\/span><br style=\"font-family: Lato, sans-serif;font-size: 18px;font-style: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: normal;text-align: left;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none\"><span style=\"font-family: Lato, sans-serif;font-size: 18px;font-style: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: normal;text-align: left;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;float: none\">2) Difference between seed and edible grain<\/span><br style=\"font-family: Lato, sans-serif;font-size: 18px;font-style: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: normal;text-align: left;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none\"><span style=\"font-family: Lato, sans-serif;font-size: 18px;font-style: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: normal;text-align: left;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;float: none\">3) Types of plants<\/span><br style=\"font-family: Lato, sans-serif;font-size: 18px;font-style: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: normal;text-align: left;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none\"><span style=\"font-family: Lato, sans-serif;font-size: 18px;font-style: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: normal;text-align: left;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;float: none\">4) Seed production<\/span>\r\n\r\n<br><\/p><p>Now you take the test:<\/p><\/div>\r\n\t\t\t<img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" height=\"300\" width=\"277\" class='fca_qc_quiz_description_img' src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/wdfuniversity.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/seed-277x300.jpg?resize=277%2C300&#038;ssl=1\">\r\n\t\t\t<button type='button' class='fca_qc_button fca_qc_start_button'>Start Quiz<\/button>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t<div class='flip-container fca_qc_quiz_div' style='display: none;'>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class='fca-qc-flipper'>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class='fca-qc-front' id='fca_qc_answer_container'><p id='fca_qc_question'>Question<\/p><img class='fca_qc_quiz_question_img' src=''><div class='fca_qc_answer_div' data-question='1'><img class='fca_qc_quiz_answer_img' src=''><span class='fca_qc_answer_span'><\/span><\/div><div class='fca_qc_answer_div' data-question='2'><img class='fca_qc_quiz_answer_img' src=''><span class='fca_qc_answer_span'><\/span><\/div><div class='fca_qc_answer_div' data-question='3'><img class='fca_qc_quiz_answer_img' src=''><span class='fca_qc_answer_span'><\/span><\/div><div class='fca_qc_answer_div' data-question='4'><img class='fca_qc_quiz_answer_img' src=''><span class='fca_qc_answer_span'><\/span><\/div><\/div> \r\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class='fca-qc-back' id='fca_qc_back_container'><p style='color: #000' id='fca_qc_question_right_or_wrong'><\/p><img class='fca_qc_quiz_question_img' src=''><span style='color: #000' id='fca_qc_question_back'><\/span><p style='color: #000' id='fca_qc_back_response_p' class='fca_qc_back_response'>Your answer: <span id='fca_qc_your_answer'><\/span><\/p><p style='color: #000' id='fca_qc_correct_answer_p' class='fca_qc_back_response'>Correct answer: <span id='fca_qc_correct_answer'><\/span><\/p><p style='color: #000' id='fca_qc_hint_p' class='fca_qc_back_response'><\/p><button type='button' class='fca_qc_next_question'>Next<\/button><\/div> \r\n\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t<div class='fca_qc_wait_container' style='display:none;'><p>Please wait..<\/p><span class='fca_qc_spin'>\u21ba<\/span><\/div> \r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t<div class='fca_qc_score_container' style='display:none;'><div class='fca_qc_score_text'>You got {{SCORE_CORRECT}} out of {{SCORE_TOTAL}} <\/div><div class='fca_qc_score_time'><\/div><div class='fca_qc_score_title'><\/div><img class='fca_qc_score_img' src=''><div class='fca_qc_score_desc'><\/div><\/div> \r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t<div class='fca_qc_quiz_footer' style='display: none;'>\r\n\t\t\t\t<span class='fca_qc_question_count'><\/span>\t\t\r\n\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t<div class='fca_qc_your_answer_container' style='display:none;'><p class='fca_qc_your_answers_text'>Your Answers<\/p><div class='fca_qc_insert_response_above'><\/div><\/div> \r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>From the following select box, choose language of your preference: Modern methods of seed production and quality certification<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-2042","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"aioseo_notices":[],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_likes_enabled":true,"jetpack-related-posts":[{"id":1667,"url":"https:\/\/wdfuniverse.org\/wordpress\/course-1-dhan-ki-kheti\/dhan-ki-kheti-course-2\/","url_meta":{"origin":2042,"position":0},"title":"Course-AP002 Paddy Cultivation-Course-2","author":"Prof. H. 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